The 1960s was a particularly fruitful period for stellar astronomy. The spread of powerful electronic calculators allowed the construction of quite sophisticated stellar models, and the theory of stellar evolution was very successful in solving a number of astrophysical problems. Although many problems are still unsolved, today we can say that we have a good understanding of the evolution of stars, particularly during the hydrogen and helium burning phases. The current frontiers of stellar astronomy are at a much more advanced level. On the one hand, the theory of stellar evolution, itself a considerable problem, is becoming an increasingly powerful tool for determining the age and chemical composition of stellar groups, that is, for studying the structure, origin, and evolution of our galaxy and nearby galaxies. On the other hand, the interests of stellar astronomers focus on those phenomena (such as mass loss, stellar explosions, etc.) that give rise to dynamical situations in stars. The aim of the Advanced School of Astronomy is to provide young researchers, active in the field of astronomy, with a critical view of the latest developments related to observational phenomena. In particular, the school encourages discussion of new observational techniques and unsolved theoretical problems in order to stimulate research and cooperation between observational and theoretical astronomers.