The possibilities of radiation exposure for both humans and the environment have increased considerably in recent years with the development of peaceful applications of nuclear energy and the consequent proliferation of radiation sources. This has stimulated interest in radiobiological research, which has received a considerable boost from the effective application on human material of techniques and methods that are also proving effective in the study of large population groups. In this context, some areas of radiobiological investigation of primary interest can be identified: – the study of absorption patterns of radiant energies, primary chemical phenomena, and effects on cell structures and functions – the demonstration of primary radiation-induced damaging events and dosimetric evaluations through the assessment of biological damage – the study of internal radioactive contamination: its evaluation for dosimetric purposes and ways to prevent or limit the absorption and fixation of radionuclides. The study of physical and pharmacological means of modifying, in a preventive and therapeutic sense, the body’s response to the harmful effects of radiation. The organisation of the course, based on lectures, seminars, and free debates, will provide the opportunity to broaden general knowledge in the field of medical radiobiology and to deepen, through a fruitful comparison of results and experiences, those branches of the subject that have a specific applicative significance, in particular with regard to the prevention of biological damage from radiation.