In 1981, the National Institute of Nuclear and Subnuclear Physics (INFN) initiated the design of the largest particle collider capable of studying the dynamics of the creation of our universe as directly as possible. This is the ELOISATRON project, ‘Eurasian Long Intersecting Storage Ring’, abbreviated to ELN. This project gave a new impetus to Italian physics in close collaboration with Italian industries, such as Ansaldo, Europa Metalli, Zanon, Caen, Polivar, etc. In Italy, the close collaboration between the scientific community and industry has already had its impact worldwide: for example, without the ELN project, the proposal to build the most relevant part of the HERA collider (the DESY superconducting ring for protons completed in 1990) could not even have been formulated. Indeed, Italy’s scientific strategy has been to establish the actual conditions to be able to build the world’s largest collider at the appropriate time, in close collaboration with all the countries interested in this new frontier of science. The Eloisatron project was funded by INFN for: (i) theoretical studies on accelerator machines with the aim of determining the extreme values of the energy and luminosity of the collider; (ii) phenomenological studies to understand the energy limits of electroweak interactions and subnuclear ‘colour’; (iii) research and development of new technologies, such as the most powerful superconducting magnets (the heart of the collider), and detectors capable of operating under Standard Model data taking, irradiation and background conditions, never reached before. Another important step in the ELN strategy, in addition to the HERA superconducting ring, is the LAA project; carried out at CERN, it laid the foundations for the new technologies required for the multi-TeV colliders. All the detectors planned for the LHC have their roots in the research and development work carried out within the LAA project. This demonstrates the validity of the ELN project for current physics. On the Italian side, without the ELN project’s scientific strategy, it would have been impossible to drastically change the INFN’s annual funding (increased by an order of magnitude) and the economic treatment of Italian physicists on missions abroad (equalised to that of diplomats). The time has now come to take a new step in this strategy. As Isidor Rabi used to say: projects can only become real when the conditions allow for their realisation. [Rabi was referring to the birth of CERN; in the mid-1950s, there was only one country where the largest European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) could be built: Switzerland]. Our scientific projects require enormous investments, such that they are in competition with other world-class enterprises. Such projects must necessarily be connected with events that go far beyond scientific progress alone.
Even before the fall of the Berlin Wall, the ELN project was supported by three world leaders: R. Reagan, M. Gorbachev, and Deng Xiao Ping. At that time, Sicily and the ELN were considered the only place and the only project where the two superpowers, together with the most populous developing nation in the world, could work together to realise, for the first time in the history of civilisation, a vast project at the most advanced frontiers of Science and Technology, for the benefit of mankind. Today, this unique role of Sicily and the ELN has been even more firmly recognised and widely accepted.
We scientists affirm that the ELN project, for the largest proton-proton collider operating at maximum energy and luminosity, would represent a crucial step with far-reaching consequences in the study of the fundamental laws of Nature. The synthesis we have arrived at so far, expressed in terms of three pillars (the three families of quarks and leptons) and three forces (gravitational, electroweak and subnuclear ‘colour’), tells us that it is imperative to make a great leap in energy in order to answer the great questions about the actual origin of our universe in terms of Superspace and Superworld.